BM-21 Grad
«9K51 Grad»
Multiple rocket launchers (MLRS)Tactical (122 mm)Soviet Union / Russia1963In service
Soviet 122 mm multiple rocket launcher on Ural-375D/4320 chassis, 40 tubes: the most widespread MLRS in the world, still a key player in Ukraine.
Multiple rocket launchers (MLRS)//Tactical (122 mm)
ID — BM-21-GRADSoviet Union / Russia · Splav
BM-21 Grad
9K51 Grad
Soviet 122 mm multiple rocket launcher on Ural-375D/4320 chassis, 40 tubes: the most widespread MLRS in the world, still a key player in Ukraine.
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Data trust
- Reliability
- Unverified
- Sources
- Sources pending review
Identity
- Designation
- BM-21 Grad
- Alias
- 9K51 Grad
- Manufacturer
- Splav
- Country
- Soviet Union / Russia
- Year
- 1963
- Category
- Multiple rocket launchers (MLRS)
- All sub-types
- Tactical (122 mm)
- Status
- In service
Performance
- Range
- 40 km
- Top speed
- Mach 2.2 (razzo)
- Guidance
- Non guidato (saturazione d'area)
- Warhead
- HE-frag, cluster, incendiario, fumogeno — 18-25 kg
Physical characteristics
- Launch platform
- Telaio Ural-375D/4320 6x6, 40 tubi 122 mm
- Length
- 2.87 m
- Launch weight
- 66 kg
Combat use
- ▸Arab-Israeli wars 1973, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Chechnya, Syria 2011-present, Ukraine 2014-2024 — one of the most-used systems on both sides.
Main operators
RussiaUkraineChinaIndiaEgittoAlgeriaIranVietnamPolandBulgariaCuba
History
Adopted in 1963, the Grad revolutionised Soviet rocket artillery by combining tactical mobility, devastating salvos (40 rockets in 20 s) and rock-bottom cost. Exported to over 50 countries and copied everywhere (Chinese Type 81, Czech RM-70, Ukrainian Bastion-01).
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